A recent study published in The Lancet reveals that the global obese population has surpassed 1 billion people, representing about one-eighth of the world's total population. The research, which collected data from 197 countries covering over 99% of the world's population, examined trends in both underweight and overweight individuals between 1990 and 2022. Over the past 30 years, the number of obese adults has more than doubled, while the obesity rate among adolescents aged 5 to 19 has quadrupled.
Obesity not only alters physical appearance but also leads to severe health risks. In 2019, an estimated 5 million deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were attributed to high body mass index (BMI). NCDs, which include metabolic disorders like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancers, account for about 75% of global deaths annually. Moreover, obesity is linked to more than 200 comorbidities, including heart disease and various forms of cancer. Studies also show that individuals with obesity often suffer from deficiencies in essential nutrients compared to those with a healthy weight, further worsening the issue of malnutrition.
Factors Contributing to Rising Obesity Rates: A Multi-Faceted Problem
The increasing global obesity rates stem from changes in food systems and consumption patterns, which are closely tied to economic and technological development. As global incomes have risen, people are spending more on food, and food systems have evolved accordingly. Many individuals, especially in low- and middle-income countries, now consume higher amounts of calories, animal products, and sugar. The growth of food processing technologies and the "industrialization" of food production have increased the availability of ultra-processed foods. These inexpensive, calorie-dense products are often high in salt, sugar, and additives, contributing to weight gain. Additionally, modern changes in work and transportation have led to a significant decline in physical activity, further fueling the rise in obesity.
Addressing the Obesity Crisis: A Coordinated, Multi-Sector Effort
The Lancet study stresses the urgent need for global efforts to prevent obesity, support weight loss, and reduce disease risks in affected populations. WHO Director-General Dr. Tandesay emphasized that achieving global obesity control requires cooperation among governments, communities, the private sector, and other stakeholders to implement evidence-based policies. Experts advocate for early interventions, particularly by educating and raising awareness within families and younger age groups. Potential solutions include better food labeling, promoting physical activity, and improving access to nutritious food. However, the study also highlights the disparity faced by low-income individuals, who often lack access to healthy food and opportunities for active living. To address this, there is a pressing need for initiatives like targeted cash transfers, subsidized healthy foods, free nutritious school meals, and nutrition programs based on primary healthcare.
